=============================================================================== HELP FOR: grlimit =============================================================================== CALLING SEQUENCE: readlib ( grtools ): grlimit ( expr, var, limit, fnList, valueList, LHlimit ): PARAMETERS: expr - an expression var - limiting variable limit - limiting value of var fnList - unspecified functions in expr valueList - values of functions and/or their derivitives w.r.t var at the limit point LHlimit - (optional) limit to number of times L'Hopital's rule should be applied (default = 8) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SYNOPSIS: - Evaluates expr at the limit point. If indeterminate forms arise then L'Hopital's rule is applied (repeatedly) until the limit is resolved or LH_limit is exceeded. If LH_limit is exceeded the indeterminate portion is returned unevaluated. - grlimit() works by substitution. It does not determine how rapidly functions approach the limit point. - Elements of valueList must consist of equations. The left-hand side of the equations must be a STRING containing the function at the limit point. Derivitives with respect to the limiting variable by a forward quote ('). See the example below for details. - grlimit() first expands the expression and then evaluates term by term. divergent terms are then lumped together, factored into a single expression and that is then evaluated. This way divergent terms can cancel in some cases. If the final result diverges grlimit() returns infinity (regardless of whether it's -infinity or not). - grlimit() is part of the grtools library. Load the library via readlib ( grtools ): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXAMPLES: > qload ( static ): Default spacetime = static For the static spacetime: Coordinates a x = [ r, theta, phi, t ] Line element 2 2 d r 2 2 2 2 2 2 ds = ------ + r d theta + r sin(theta) d phi - h(r) d t h(r) > grcalc ( Ricciscalar ): > Rsc := grcomponent ( Ricciscalar ); > readlib ( grtools ): > grlimit ( Rsc, r, 0, [h(r)], [`h(0)`=1,`h(0)'`=0] ); -6 h(0)'' ===============================================================================